Building Relationships in Collectivist Workplaces
As Western expatriates working in Southeast Asia, one of the most critical aspects of integration is understanding how to build relationships in collectivist workplaces. In contrast to individualist societies, where personal achievement and independence are highly valued, collectivist cultures—like those in Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia—emphasize group harmony, long-term relationships, and loyalty. This shift in priorities requires a different approach to relationship-building, one that is slower, more deliberate, and deeply rooted in mutual respect.
In this article, we will explore essential tips for building relationships in collectivist workplaces that will help expatriates foster trust, establish rapport, and succeed in their Southeast Asian professional environments.
Why Relationships Matter in Collectivist Workplaces
1. Group Harmony Over Individual Achievement
In collectivist societies, the success of the group takes precedence over individual accomplishments. Relationships are built slowly, based on trust and mutual respect. Unlike in individualist cultures where success is often defined by personal achievements, in Southeast Asia, group cohesion and maintaining harmony within the team are key.
According to Geert Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Theory, collectivist cultures focus on cooperation and interdependence, with workplace relationships deeply embedded in social norms that prioritize the group over the individual.
Example: In Vietnam, a team may spend more time discussing a decision to ensure everyone is on the same page, rather than one person taking charge. This fosters long-term group success rather than short-term individual gains.
Tip: Demonstrate your commitment to group success by showing patience and a genuine interest in collective outcomes. Avoid pushing for personal recognition and focus on contributing to the team’s goals.
2. Relationships Before Transactions
In Southeast Asian workplaces, long-term relationships are considered more important than short-term transactions. Colleagues may take time to build trust before engaging in business discussions or moving forward with professional collaborations. This approach ensures that strong, lasting relationships form the foundation of work partnerships.
Example: In Thailand, it's common to have social interactions before diving into business matters. Taking the time to get to know your colleagues and building a rapport is seen as essential to ensuring successful professional relationships.
Tip: Invest time in non-work-related conversations. Attend social gatherings, show interest in your colleagues' lives outside the office, and participate in team events to strengthen these long-term relationships.
Key Tips for Building Relationships in Collectivist Workplaces
1. Show Respect for Hierarchy
In many Southeast Asian cultures, hierarchy plays a significant role in both social and professional interactions. Understanding and respecting this hierarchy is essential to building relationships in collectivist workplaces.
Example: In Indonesia, openly questioning a senior colleague in front of others may be seen as disrespectful. Instead, more tactful, indirect approaches are preferred when discussing ideas or giving feedback.
Tip: Always be mindful of rank and hierarchy. When interacting with colleagues, especially senior members, show deference and avoid public disagreements. This respect for the hierarchical structure will help you build strong, positive relationships.
2. Practice Active Listening and Patience
In collectivist workplaces, listening is often more important than speaking. By actively listening to others and demonstrating patience, you show that you value their input and are willing to work collaboratively.
Example: In Malaysia, colleagues may hesitate to share their thoughts openly until they feel their opinions are truly valued. Demonstrating that you are patient and willing to listen to everyone’s contributions fosters a sense of trust.
Tip: During meetings or group discussions, prioritize listening over speaking. Show appreciation for your colleagues' input and avoid rushing the conversation. This will build stronger connections and create an environment of mutual respect.
3. Engage in Indirect Communication
Direct communication, which is common in Western cultures, can sometimes be viewed as confrontational or rude in collectivist workplaces. Southeast Asian cultures tend to favor indirect communication styles that are more subtle and sensitive to maintaining harmony.
Example: In South Korea, feedback may be delivered in an indirect manner to avoid causing embarrassment. Instead of openly critiquing someone’s work, a colleague might suggest alternative approaches in a non-confrontational way.
Tip: Adopt a more indirect communication style by using gentle language and offering suggestions rather than directives. When delivering feedback, emphasize positive aspects first, then discuss areas for improvement.
4. Invest Time in Social Bonding
In collectivist workplaces, building relationships often extends beyond the office. Social activities such as dinners, drinks after work, and participation in family events are key opportunities to strengthen bonds with colleagues.
Example: In Cambodia, being invited to a colleague’s family event is a sign that you are being welcomed into their inner circle. Accepting such invitations and engaging in social activities can significantly deepen your workplace relationships.
Tip: Whenever possible, attend social events and be open to forming friendships with your colleagues outside of work. These interactions will enhance your sense of belonging and contribute to long-term professional success.
Common Struggles with Building Relationships in Collectivist Workplaces
Many expatriates, especially those from individualist cultures, struggle to adjust to the slower pace of relationship-building in collectivist workplaces. While people may expect quick results and immediate rapport in Western settings, Southeast Asian cultures require time, patience, and consistent effort.
For Men: Men may struggle with indirect communication, finding it difficult to navigate conversations without clear, direct feedback. Adjusting to the subtleties of indirect communication requires emotional intelligence and practice.
Example: A male expat working in Thailand may become frustrated when colleagues don’t give clear responses, interpreting this as indecision or inefficiency, when in reality, it is a cultural preference for preserving harmony.
For Women: Women may face challenges related to gender roles in some Southeast Asian cultures, where workplace dynamics can still be influenced by traditional views of femininity. Building authority and respect in such environments may take longer and require careful navigation of cultural expectations.
Example: A female expatriate in Vietnam may find it challenging to assert her authority in a male-dominated environment, particularly if the local culture has defined gender roles. Building respect may take more time and effort than in a more egalitarian setting.
Tip for Both: Recognize that building relationships in collectivist workplaces is a long-term process. Be patient, invest time in understanding the cultural context, and adapt your approach to meet local norms.
How Coaching, Counseling, and Therapy Can Help
Navigating the complexities of building relationships in collectivist workplaces can be challenging, but coaching, counseling, and therapy offer valuable support.
Coaching can provide practical strategies for expatriates looking to develop stronger workplace relationships. Coaches can offer tools for adapting to hierarchical structures, improving communication, and fostering trust with colleagues.
Counseling provides emotional support for expatriates who may feel isolated or frustrated by the slower pace of relationship-building. It can also help expatriates manage feelings of cultural dissonance.
Therapy offers deeper psychological support, helping expatriates develop emotional intelligence and resilience. Mental health professionals excel in communication and emotional intelligence skills, which are critical for navigating sensitive interpersonal and intercultural differences.
As psychologist Daniel Goleman explains, “Emotional intelligence is a key factor in forming successful relationships. By understanding how to connect with others empathetically, we can build stronger, more lasting connections in any cultural context.”
Are you finding it difficult to build relationships in collectivist workplaces? Subscribe to our newsletter for more tips, or attend one of our webinars on cross-cultural communication. For personalized support, book a one-on-one session with our expert coaches or therapists to help you build strong, long-term workplace relationships.
Harvard References
Goleman, D. 1995. Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. New York: Bantam Books.
Hofstede, G. 2020. Cultural Dimensions Theory: Understanding Collectivism and Individualism. London: Sage Publications.
Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2021. Building Relationships in Collectivist Cultures. New York: Routledge.
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